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This could partially be a result of the fact that more of women’s time is taken up with unpaid work than men. Only 13% of men are employed part time, and 24.4% of women are employed part time ( Statistics Canada, 2022). More men (87%) are employed full-time than women (75.6%). Women who graduate university with a bachelor’s degree earn an average of $69,063 annually, while men who graduate with a bachelor’s degree earn $97,761 ( Statistics Canada, 2016).Īccording to an ADP and Leger (2021) self-report survey, “women’s pre-tax salaries remain 21% lower than men’s, while additional variable compensation, such as bonuses, profit-sharing or equity agreements, are where disparity surges, with Canadian working women earning 43% less in additional compensation compared to men in 2020.” The gender pay gap persists even though women now outnumber men in pursuing university degrees ( Statistics Canada, 2021). The gender pay gap for full-time employees is 0.90, which means women make 90 cents of every dollar men make.Īccording to Statistics Canada (2021), as of 2019, the gender pay gap for annual wages, salaries, and commissions is 0.71, which means that on an annual basis, women make 71% of what men make.

According to Statistics Canada (2022), as of 2021, the gender pay gap for full-time and part-time employees is 0.89, which means women make 89 cents of every dollar men make. The gender pay gap can be measured in different ways.

In its ranking of countries, Canada has the eighth worst gender pay gap. The gender pay gap is directly connected to other economic-related gender gaps, including fields of study and work, career advancement opportunities, and time allotted to unpaid care and domestic work ( OECD, 2012).Īccording to the OECD (2022), for full-time employees, there is a 16.1% difference between annual median earnings of women and men relative to the annual median earnings of men. The UN’s Human Rights Committee (2015) has raised concerns about “persisting inequalities between women and men” in Canada, including the “high level of the pay gap” and its disproportionate effect on low-income women, racialized women, and Indigenous women. It is also “symbolic of gender-based discrimination and injustice” ( Moyser, Statistics Canada, 2019). Pay inequity is so important because earnings are a key determinant of economic well-being in Canada. Though it differs by age group, the gap starts from a young age and carries into the senior years (Moyser, Statistics Canada, 2019). The gender pay gap is worse for those who face multiple barriers, including racialized women, Indigenous women, and women with disabilities.

There are different ways of measuring the gap, but no matter how you measure it, the gap still exists.

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It is a widely recognized indicator of gender inequities, and it exists across industries and professional levels. In general, the gender pay gap refers to the difference in average earnings of people based on gender.